A cikin tsarin isar da ruwa, bawul ɗin abu ne mai mahimmancin sarrafawa, wanda galibi yana da ayyukan ƙa'ida, karkatarwa, hana dawowa, yanke, da shunt. Ana amfani da bawul sosai a cikin masana'antu da filayen farar hula. Babban bawul ɗin zafin jiki nau'i ne da aka saba amfani dashi a cikin bawuloli. Its takamaiman kaddarorin sune kamar haka: kyakkyawan aikin kashewa, ana iya yin quenching mai zurfi; mai kyau weldability; mai kyau sha na tasiri, yana da wuya a lalata shi ta hanyar tashin hankali; Ragewar fushi yakan zama ƙasa da sauransu. Akwai in mun gwada da nau'ikan bawuloli masu zafi da yawa. Mafi na kowa shine yawan zafin jikimalam buɗe ido, high-zazzabi ball bawuloli, Matsakaicin zafin jiki, da yanayin zafi bakin kofa.

Matsakaicin zafin jiki sun haɗa da bawul ɗin ƙofar zafi mai zafi, ƙwanƙolin rufewar zafi mai zafi, bawul ɗin duba yanayin zafi mai zafi, bawul ɗin ƙwallon zafi mai zafi, bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido, bawul ɗin allura mai zafi mai zafi, bawul ɗin magudanar zafi mai zafi, da kuma high-zazzabi matsa lamba rage bawuloli. Daga cikin su, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da bawul ɗin ƙofa, bawul ɗin globe, bawul ɗin duba, bawul ɗin ball da bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido.

Babban yanayin aiki na zafin jiki ya haɗa da ƙananan zafin jiki, babban zafin jiki Ⅰ, babban zafin jiki Ⅱ, babban zafin jiki Ⅲ, babban zafin jiki Ⅳ, da babban zafin jiki Ⅴ, wanda za'a gabatar da shi daban a ƙasa.

1. Sub-high zafin jiki

Sub-high zafin jiki yana nufin cewa zafin aiki na bawul yana cikin yanki na 325 ～425 ℃. Idan matsakaici shine ruwa da tururi, WCB, WCC, A105, WC6 da WC9 galibi ana amfani dasu. Idan matsakaicin mai ne mai sulfur mai ɗauke da sulfur, C5, CF8, CF3, CF8M, CF3M, da dai sauransu, waɗanda ke da juriya ga lalata sulfide, galibi ana amfani da su. Ana amfani da su galibi a cikin yanayi da na'urori masu rage matsa lamba da jinkirta na'urorin coking a matatun mai. A wannan lokacin, bawul ɗin da aka yi da CF8, CF8M, CF3 da CF3M ba a yi amfani da su don juriya na lalata maganin acid ba, amma ana amfani da su don samfuran mai mai ɗauke da sulfur da bututun mai da iskar gas. A cikin wannan yanayin, matsakaicin zafin aiki na CF8, CF8M, CF3 da CF3M shine 450 ° C.

2. Yawan zafin jiki Ⅰ

Lokacin da zafin aiki na bawul ɗin shine 425 ～550 ℃, aji ne mai yawan zafin jiki na (wanda ake nufi da ajin PI). Babban abu na PI sa bawul shine "high zafin jiki Ⅰ matsakaici carbon chromium nickel rare earth titanium high quality zafi-resistant karfe" tare da CF8 a matsayin asali siffar a ASTMA351 misali. Saboda darajar PI suna ne na musamman, an haɗa manufar bakin karfe mai zafi (P) a nan. Sabili da haka, idan matsakaicin aiki shine ruwa ko tururi, ko da yake ana iya amfani da ƙarfe mai zafi WC6 (t≤540 ℃) ko WC9 (t≤570 ℃), yayin da samfuran mai mai ɗauke da sulfur kuma za'a iya amfani da ƙarfe mai zafin jiki. C5 (ZG1Cr5Mo), amma ba za a iya kiran su PI-class anan ba.

3. Babban zafin jiki II

Yanayin aiki na bawul shine 550 ～650 ℃, kuma an rarraba shi azaman babban zafin jiki Ⅱ (ana nufin P Ⅱ). PⅡ babban bawul ɗin zafin jiki ana amfani dashi galibi a cikin na'urar fashewar mai mai kauri na matatar mai. Yana ƙunshe da bawul ɗin kofa mai juriya mai zafin jiki da ake amfani da shi a bututun ƙarfe mai juyawa uku da sauran sassa. Babban kayan PⅡ bawul ɗin sa shine "high zafin jiki Ⅱ matsakaicin matsakaicin carbon chromium nickel rare earth titanium tantalum ƙarfafa zafi-resistant karfe" tare da CF8 a matsayin asali siffar a ASTMA351 misali.

4. Yawan zafin jiki III

Yanayin aiki na bawul shine 650 ～730 ℃, kuma an rarraba shi azaman babban zafin jiki III (ana nufin PⅢ). PⅢ manyan bawul ɗin zafin jiki ana amfani da su a cikin manyan ma'aunin fashewar mai a cikin matatun mai. Babban kayan PⅢ babban bawul ɗin zafin jiki shine CF8M dangane da ASTMA351.

5.High zazzabi Ⅳ

Yanayin aiki na bawul ɗin shine 730 ～816 ℃, kuma an ƙididdige shi azaman babban zafin jiki IV (ana nufin PIV a takaice). Matsakaicin iyakar zafin aiki na bawul ɗin PIV shine 816 ℃, saboda mafi girman zafin jiki da aka bayar ta daidaitaccen ASMEB16134 matsa lamba-zazzabi sa wanda aka zaɓa don ƙirar bawul shine 816 ℃ (1500υ). Bugu da ƙari, bayan aikin zafin jiki ya wuce 816 ° C, karfe yana kusa da shiga yankin zafin jiki na ƙirƙira. A wannan lokacin, karfe yana cikin yankin nakasar filastik, kuma ƙarfe yana da kyawawan filastik, kuma yana da wahala a jure babban matsin aiki da ƙarfin tasiri da kiyaye shi daga lalacewa. Babban abu na P Ⅳ bawul shine CF8M a cikin ma'aunin ASTMA351 a matsayin ainihin siffar "high zafin jiki Ⅳ matsakaici carbon chromium nickel molybdenum rare earth titanium tantalum ƙarfafa zafi-resistant karfe". CK-20 da ASTMA182 daidaitaccen F310 (ciki har da abun ciki na C ≥01050%) da F310H bakin karfe mai jure zafi.

6, yawan zafin jiki Ⅴ

Yanayin zafin aiki na bawul ɗin ya fi 816 ℃, ana magana da shi azaman PⅤ, PⅤ babban bawul ɗin zafin jiki (don bawul ɗin rufewa, ba daidaita bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido) dole ne su ɗauki hanyoyin ƙira na musamman, kamar rufin rufin rufi ko ruwa ko gas Cooling iya. tabbatar da al'ada aiki na bawul. Sabili da haka, ba a ƙayyade iyakar girman zafin jiki na PⅤ babban bawul ɗin zafin jiki ba, saboda yanayin zafin aiki na bawul ɗin sarrafawa ba kawai an ƙaddara ta hanyar kayan ba, amma ta hanyoyin ƙira na musamman, da kuma ainihin ka'idar hanyar ƙira. iri daya ne. PⅤ grade high zafin jiki bawul iya zabar m kayan da za su iya saduwa da bawul bisa ga aiki matsakaici da kuma aiki matsa lamba da kuma musamman zane hanyoyin. A cikin rukunin PⅤ babban bawul ɗin zafin jiki, yawanci flapper ko bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido na bawul ɗin flue flapper ko bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido yawanci ana zaɓa daga HK-30 da HK-40 high-zazzabi gami a cikin daidaitaccen ASTMA297. Juriya na lalata, amma ba zai iya jure wa girgiza da babban nauyin nauyi ba.