Menene Ma'aunin Guduwar Ruwa
Ma'aunin Gudawa, wanda aka sani da Cv (US/EU Standard), Kv (International Standard), ko ƙimar C, muhimmin siga ne na fasaha wanda ke bayyana ƙarfin kwararar bawuloli na masana'antu kamar bawuloli masu sarrafawa da masu kula da su.
Bayyana Ƙimar CV
Valve Cv yana wakiltar ma'aunin kwararar da ke nuna ikon bawul na wucewa da ruwa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Yana ƙididdige yawan kwararar ruwa ko iskar gas ta cikin bawul a wani raguwar matsin lamba. Ƙimar CV mafi girma yana nuna ƙarfin kwararar da ya fi girma.
Menene CV (Ƙimar Ƙarfin Aiki)
Valve Cv (Ƙimar Ƙarfi) yana auna ƙarfin kwarara kuma ana ƙididdige shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun:
• Bawul ɗin a buɗe yake gaba ɗaya
• Faɗuwar matsi (ΔP) na 1 psi a fadin bawul ɗin
• Ruwa: Ruwa a 60°F (15.5°C)
• Yawan kwarara: galan na Amurka a minti daya (GPM)
Buɗewar Bawul da Darajar CV
Cv/Kv da buɗewar bawul (%) ra'ayoyi ne daban-daban:
• Ma'anar Kv (Ma'aunin China):Yawan kwarara a cikin m³/h lokacin da ΔP = 100 kPa, yawan ruwa = 1 g/cm³ (ruwa a zafin ɗaki).
*Misali:Kv=50 yana nufin kwararar 50 m³/h a 100 kPa ΔP.*
• Kashi na Buɗewa:Matsayin toshe/faifan bawul (0% = a rufe, 100% = a buɗe gaba ɗaya).
Lissafin CV & Manhajoji Masu Mahimmanci
Tsarin bawul, girma, kayan aiki, tsarin kwarara, da halayen ruwa (zafin jiki, matsin lamba, danko).
Babban dabarar ita ce:
Cv = Q / (√ΔP × √ρ)
Ina:
• Q= Yawan kwararar iska
•ΔP= Bambancin matsin lamba
•ρ= Yawan ruwa
Canzawa: Cv = 1.167 Kv
Matsayi a Zaɓin Bawul & Zane
CV yana tasiri kai tsaye ga ingancin tsarin sarrafa ruwa:
•Yana ƙayyade girman bawul mafi kyau da nau'in don ƙimar kwararar da aka yi niyya
•Yana tabbatar da daidaiton tsarin (misali, yana hana zagayawa a famfo wajen gina samar da ruwa)
•Muhimmanci don inganta makamashi
Bambancin CV a Faɗin Nau'in Bawul
Ƙarfin kwarara ya bambanta da ƙirar bawul (bayanan da aka samo dagaMa'aunin ASME/API/ISO):
| Nau'in bawul | Muhimman Halaye | Misalin CV (FCI Standard) |
|---|---|---|
Bawul ɗin Ƙofar | Matsakaicin CV (DN100 ≈ 400); ƙarancin tsari; guje wa buɗewa ƙasa da kashi 30% (haɗarin girgiza ga ASME B16.34) | DN50: ~120 |
Bawul ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa | Babban CV (bawuloli ƙofa 1.8×); sarrafa kwararar layi; An ba da shawarar API 6D don bututun mai | Kwallan V na DN80: ≈375 |
Bawul ɗin Malam Buɗaɗɗe | Mai inganci ga manyan girma dabam-dabam; ±5% daidai (sau uku); ƙarancin riba mai gudana >70% a buɗe | Wafer ɗin DN150: ~2000 |
Bawul ɗin Duniya | Babban juriya (Cv ≈ 1/3 na bawuloli na ƙwallo); daidaitaccen iko (amfani da likita/dakin gwaje-gwaje) | DN50: ~40 |
Ma'aunin Gudun Matsakaici & Abubuwan da ke Tasiri
An bayyana aikin bawul ta hanyar sigogi uku (ga Cibiyar Kula da Ruwa):
1. Darajar CV:Gudun GPM a 1 psi ΔP (misali, bawul ɗin ƙwallon DN50 ≈ 210 idan aka kwatanta da bawul ɗin ƙofar ≈ 120).
2. Ma'aunin Juriyar Gudawa (ξ):
•Bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido: ξ = 0.2–0.6
•Bawul ɗin duniya: ξ = 3–5
Jagororin Zaɓe & Muhimman Abubuwan Da Za A Yi La'akari da Su
Gyaran Danko:
A shafa masu ninkawa a cikin CV (misali, ɗanyen mai: 0.7–0.9 ga kowace ISO 5208).
Bawuloli Masu Wayo:
Inganta CV na ainihin lokaci (misali, Emerson DVC6200 positioner).
Tsarin Gwaji Mai Daidaito (Flow Coefficient)
Gwaji yana buƙatar yanayi mai sarrafawa saboda ƙwarewar aunawa:
•Saita (Kowace Hoto na 1):
Mita mai kwarara, ma'aunin zafi, bawuloli masu matsewa, bawuloli na gwaji, ma'aunin ΔP.
1. Mita mai kwarara 2. Ma'aunin zafi 3. Bawul ɗin matsi na sama 4 da 7. Ramukan matsi na matsi 5. Bawul ɗin gwaji 6. Na'urar auna bambancin matsi 8. Bawul ɗin matsi na ƙasa
4. Nisa tsakanin ramin matsi da bawul ɗin ya ninka diamita na bututu sau biyu
7. Nisa tsakanin ramin matsi da bawul ɗin ya ninka diamita na bututu sau 6
•Maɓallan Sarrafawa:
- Bawul ɗin sama yana daidaita matsin lamba na shiga.
- Bawul ɗin ƙasa yana kula da matsin lamba mai ƙarfi (girman da aka ƙayyade > bawul ɗin gwaji don tabbatar da cewa kwararar ruwa ta tosheinbawul ɗin gwaji).
•Ma'auni:
JB/T 5296-91 (China) idan aka kwatanta da BS EN1267-1999 (EU).
•Muhimman Abubuwa:
Wurin da famfo yake, tsarin bututu, lambar Reynolds (ruwa), lambar Mach (gas).
Iyakokin Gwaji & Magani:
•Bawuloli na gwaji na tsarin na yanzu ≤DN600.
•Manyan bawuloli:Yi amfani da gwajin kwararar iska (ba a yi cikakken bayani a nan ba).
Tasirin Lambar Reynolds: Bayanan gwaji sun tabbatar da cewa lambar Reynolds tana da tasiri sosai ga sakamakon gwaji.
Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka
•Cv/Kv yana bayyana ƙarfin kwararar bawul a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka daidaita.
•Nau'in bawul, girma, da kuma halayen ruwa suna da tasiri sosai kan CV.
•Gwaji yana buƙatar bin ƙa'idodi masu tsauri (JB/T 5296-91/BS EN1267) don daidaito.
•Ana amfani da gyare-gyare don danko, zafin jiki, da matsin lamba.
(Duk bayanan da aka samo daga ma'aunin ASME/API/ISO da kuma takardun shaidar da aka ƙera bawuloli.)
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-06-2025